If you’re looking for the best engine coolant additives and corrosion inhibitors, I recommend options like Rislone Hy-per Cool, designed to lower engine temps and extend system life, or Niteo Motor Medic, which prevents rust and corrosion for up to 5 years. Others like Design Engineering Radiator Relief and Mayhems Inhibitor Plus boost heat transfer and protect metal parts effectively. If you want detailed insights on these and more top products, keep going to find the perfect solution for your engine.
Key Takeaways
- Effective coolant additives reduce engine temperatures, prevent overheating, and extend coolant system lifespan.
- Compatibility with various coolant types and radiator materials ensures safe, versatile application.
- Proven corrosion inhibitors prevent rust, gunk buildup, and metal degradation in engines and external components.
- Easy-to-apply formulas with precise dosing improve maintenance and long-term engine protection.
- External rust preventatives protect metal surfaces from corrosion in harsh environments like marine or outdoor conditions.
Rislone Hy-per Cool Super Coolant, 16 oz.
If you’re looking for an effective coolant additive that can handle high-performance engines and extreme conditions, Rislone Hy-per Cool Super Coolant is a top choice. This 16 oz. bottle, made in the USA, reduces engine temperatures by up to 25°F, preventing overheating and detonation. It improves heat transfer with new wetting agents and protects metals like aluminum from corrosion. Compatible with all antifreeze types and suitable for various vehicles—gasoline, diesel, racing, motorcycles, and more—it’s a versatile solution. Many users find it keeps engines cooler, even in hot climates, and it offers a budget-friendly alternative to similar products like Water Wetter.
Best For: motorists, racers, and vehicle owners seeking an affordable, high-performance coolant additive to prevent overheating and extend engine life across various vehicle types and extreme conditions.
Pros:
- Effectively reduces engine temperatures by up to 25°F, helping prevent overheating and detonation.
- Compatible with all antifreeze types and suitable for a wide range of vehicles, including high-performance and vintage models.
- Enhances heat transfer and provides corrosion protection for metals like aluminum, extending coolant system longevity.
Cons:
- Some users may experience minimal effects depending on vehicle condition or usage; results can vary.
- Proper application and compatibility are crucial; leaks or ineffective performance may occur if not used correctly.
- Slightly subtle improvements might require additional cooling measures for optimal results.
Niteo Products Motor Medic Radiator Anti-Rust & Water Pump Lube (11 oz.)
Niteo Products Motor Medic Radiator Anti-Rust & Water Pump Lube is an excellent choice for vehicle owners seeking to protect their cooling systems from rust and corrosion. This 11-ounce liquid is compatible with all ethylene glycol-based coolants, preventing evaporation, rust, and corrosion while lubricating metal parts, hoses, and seals. As part of Niteo’s trusted family-owned brand, it offers high performance backed by over 75 years of experience. Easy to pour and use, it helps maintain engine efficiency and prolongs the life of critical cooling components. With a strong customer rating of 4.6 stars, it’s a reliable solution for keeping your engine’s cooling system clean and protected.
Best For: vehicle owners and DIY enthusiasts seeking to protect and maintain their cooling systems against rust, corrosion, and metal degradation.
Pros:
- Compatible with all ethylene glycol-based coolants, ensuring versatility.
- Prevents evaporation, rust, and corrosion to extend the lifespan of cooling system components.
- Easy to use and pour, facilitating straightforward application during maintenance.
Cons:
- Discontinued by the manufacturer, potentially limiting future availability.
- May require precise measurement to avoid over-application or waste.
- Limited to 11-ounce bottles, which may require multiple purchases for larger systems.
Design Engineering Radiator Relief Coolant Additive for Engines
Design Engineering Radiator Relief Coolant Additive is ideal for anyone looking to maximize their engine’s cooling efficiency and extend radiator lifespan. This 16 oz formula works with all water-cooled engines, including cars, trucks, RVs, motorcycles, ATVs, and snowmobiles. It’s compatible with all antifreeze types and radiator materials like cast iron, copper, brass, and aluminum. The additive reduces engine temperatures by up to 30°F, improves heat transfer, and prevents overheating and corrosion. It also tackles mineral buildup, maintains stable pH levels, and includes anti-foaming agents for excellent performance. Easy to use—just 1 oz per quart—it’s a reliable choice for keeping your engine cool and protected.
Best For: vehicle owners seeking to enhance engine cooling, prevent overheating, and extend radiator lifespan across various water-cooled engine types.
Pros:
- Effectively reduces engine temperatures by up to 30°F, improving performance.
- Compatible with all antifreeze types and radiator materials, offering versatile use.
- Provides corrosion and scale prevention, prolonging engine and radiator longevity.
Cons:
- Requires precise dosing of 1 oz per quart of coolant for optimal results.
- May not be suitable for engines with specific manufacturer restrictions or special coolant formulations.
- Some users might experience minimal temperature reduction depending on existing engine conditions.
Mayhems Coolant Additive (Inhibitor Plus) 15ml
Mayhems Coolant Additive (Inhibitor Plus) 15ml is an ideal choice for anyone looking to protect their PC cooling system from corrosion. Its advanced formula offers industry-leading performance in preventing metal components like radiators from corroding, ensuring your system stays reliable and lasts longer. Compatible with all Mayhems coolants, H2O, and most other brands, it’s versatile and easy to use. Just add 15 ml to your coolant for supreme protection. Whether you’re building a new system or maintaining an existing one, Inhibitor Plus helps extend coolant life and keeps your cooling setup running efficiently.
Best For: PC builders and enthusiasts seeking reliable corrosion protection and extended coolant life for their cooling systems.
Pros:
- Provides industry-leading corrosion prevention for metal components
- Compatible with all Mayhems coolants, H2O, and most other brands
- Easy to use with a simple 15 ml addition for optimal protection
Cons:
- Requires precise measurement to avoid over- or under-dosing
- May not be necessary for non-metallic or sealed cooling systems
- Limited to 15 ml bottles, which may need frequent repurchasing for larger systems
PEAK Fleet Charge Antifreeze and Coolant for Heavy Duty Engines (1 Gal.)
If you operate heavy-duty engines that demand reliable, long-lasting cooling protection, PEAK Fleet Charge Antifreeze and Coolant is an excellent choice. This concentrated, phosphate-free formula works with all heavy-duty vehicle cooling systems, offering protection against corrosion, scale buildup, freezing, and boil-over. Its nitrate-based formulation ensures wet sleeve liner protection from cavitation and engine damage. The coolant includes necessary SCAs for easy initial fill and refills, reducing errors. Designed for durability, it stays effective throughout your engine’s life when used with a proper SCA filter system. Follow the recommended mixing instructions for superior performance and long-term engine protection.
Best For: heavy-duty vehicle operators seeking reliable, long-lasting coolant protection for their engines.
Pros:
- Phosphate-free and compatible with all heavy-duty cooling systems.
- Provides excellent corrosion, scale, freezing, and boil-over protection.
- Contains SCAs for easy fill and refills, reducing mixing errors.
Cons:
- Requires proper mixing and maintenance for optimal performance.
- Must be used with a high-quality SCA filter system to ensure longevity.
- Contains Denatonium Benzoate, which may be undesirable for some users seeking completely natural products.
Quicksilver Corrosion Guard Engine Protect Rust Inhibitor – 12 Oz.
The Quicksilver Corrosion Guard Engine Protect Rust Inhibitor is an excellent choice for boaters and outdoor enthusiasts who need reliable corrosion protection for their metal surfaces. I appreciate how easy it is to use, thanks to its spray nozzle with an attachable straw. It forms a water-resistant barrier on marine engines, outboards, inboard engines, and other metal parts, effectively displacing moisture and loosening rust. It’s versatile enough for boats, motorcycles, tools, and more. The clear, quick-drying film prevents gunk buildup and offers long-lasting rust resistance, especially in humid, saltwater environments. It’s a proven solution to keep your metal components protected and functioning smoothly.
Best For: boaters, outdoor enthusiasts, and vehicle owners seeking reliable corrosion and rust protection for marine engines, metal tools, and outdoor equipment.
Pros:
- Easy to apply with spray nozzle and attachable straw for precise coverage
- Forms a water-resistant, quick-drying film that prevents rust and gunk buildup
- Versatile, suitable for use on various metal surfaces including marine engines, motorcycles, and tools
Cons:
- Not recommended for spraying into air inlets, throttle bodies, or drive belt systems
- May require reapplication over time for long-term protection in highly humid environments
- Limited to external application; cannot be used internally or on painted surfaces that are sensitive to chemicals
Lubegard 96430 Heavy Duty 2-in-1 Coolant Treatment, 32 fl. oz.
Lubegard 96430 Heavy Duty 2-in-1 Coolant Treatment is an ideal choice for vehicle owners seeking complete protection against corrosion and engine damage. This 32 fl. oz. formula offers robust corrosion and electrolysis defense, extending the life of your coolant system. It also protects wet sleeve cylinder liners from cavitation erosion, preventing costly damage. Additionally, it inhibits the buildup of scale, deposits, and slime, helping maintain peak cooling efficiency. By reducing wear on water pump impellers and seals, it considerably prolongs component lifespan. Overall, Lubegard’s solution ensures your engine runs cooler, cleaner, and more reliably over time.
Best For: vehicle owners seeking comprehensive coolant protection, including corrosion prevention, erosion resistance, and extended component lifespan.
Pros:
- Offers robust protection against corrosion and electrolysis, prolonging coolant system life.
- Prevents cavitation erosion of wet sleeve cylinder liners, reducing costly damage.
- Inhibits buildup of scale, deposits, and slime, maintaining optimal engine cooling efficiency.
Cons:
- May require careful mixing and handling to ensure proper application.
- Can be more expensive than basic coolant treatments.
- Effectiveness depends on proper vehicle system maintenance and compatibility.
Ford Genuine Fluid VC-12 Orange Specialty Revitalizer Engine Coolant
Ford Genuine Fluid VC-12 Orange Specialty Revitalizer Engine Coolant is ideal for vehicle owners who use Motorcraft orange antifreeze and want to restore its protective properties. This quart-sized additive replenishes corrosion inhibitors that degrade over time, helping maintain peak engine cooling and protection. It’s specifically formulated for Motorcraft orange coolant and should be used with the recommended antifreeze contamination kit. Many users find it effective in restoring coolant chemistry, which improves engine performance. Plus, it’s a cost-efficient way to keep your coolant functioning properly between full replacements. Overall, it’s a reliable product that supports long-term engine health and longevity.
Best For: vehicle owners using Motorcraft orange antifreeze who want to restore and maintain their coolant’s protective properties and engine performance.
Pros:
- Effectively restores coolant chemistry and corrosion inhibitors
- Cost-efficient alternative to purchasing multiple small bottles
- Supports long-term engine health and performance
Cons:
- Requires proper application to the correct coolant reservoir, which may be unclear in some instructions
- Specifically formulated for Motorcraft orange coolant, limiting compatibility
- Needs to be used periodically as part of maintenance routine for best results
Rudson Lubrikool Engine Coolant Additive
If you’re looking to extend the life of your vehicle’s cooling system, Rudson Lubrikool Engine Coolant Additive is an excellent choice. It offers 5 years or 150,000 miles of protection against rust and corrosion, thanks to its Extended Life HOAT additive package. Suitable for all vehicle types and climates, especially hot environments, it can be added during coolant top-offs or replacements. Unlike traditional antifreeze, it doesn’t contain Ethylene Glycol, preventing harmful impurities. Simply add it to the radiator or cooling system to help maintain ideal performance, reduce corrosion, and prolong the longevity of your cooling system components.
Best For: Vehicle owners seeking to extend their cooling system’s lifespan, especially in hot climates, by preventing rust and corrosion without using traditional antifreeze.
Pros:
- Provides up to 5 years or 150,000 miles of protection against rust and corrosion.
- Does not contain Ethylene Glycol, preventing harmful impurities in the cooling system.
- Suitable for all vehicle types and climates, including heavy-duty equipment.
Cons:
- May require additional coolant top-offs if the system is significantly worn or damaged.
- Not an antifreeze, so it cannot be used as a substitute for traditional antifreeze in freezing conditions.
- Needs regular inspection and maintenance of the cooling system to ensure optimal performance.
Zerex G05 Phosphate Free 50/50 Ready-to-Use Antifreeze/Coolant 1 GA
Zerex G05 Phosphate-Free 50/50 Ready-to-Use Antifreeze/Coolant is an excellent choice for vehicle owners seeking reliable corrosion protection, especially in aluminum cooling systems. Its pre-mixed yellow formula offers superior freeze protection down to -34°F and anti-boil performance up to 265°F. Using hybrid organic acid technology, it effectively combats rust, scale, and corrosion across all metals, including aluminum. This coolant is ready to use, eliminating the need for mixing, and is gentle on gaskets, hoses, and plastics. With a 5-year or 150,000-mile guarantee, it ensures long-term engine protection, durability, and peace of mind.
Best For: vehicle owners seeking a reliable, phosphate-free antifreeze/coolant that offers long-lasting protection for aluminum and other modern engine components.
Pros:
- Provides superior freeze protection down to -34°F and anti-boil up to 265°F.
- Ready-to-use, pre-mixed formula simplifies application without the need for dilution.
- Offers a 5-year or 150,000-mile guarantee for long-term engine protection.
Cons:
- May be more expensive than generic or concentrated coolant options.
- Requires specific compatibility checks for older or non-standard cooling systems.
- Availability may be limited compared to more common antifreeze brands.
Royal Purple 01600 Purple Ice Super-Coolant Radiator Additive – 12 oz.
Royal Purple 01600 Purple Ice Super-Coolant Radiator Additive is an ideal choice for vehicle owners seeking to maximize engine protection and cooling efficiency. It’s a high-performance synthetic additive that reduces coolant temperatures by up to 22°F, helping prevent hot spots and extend engine life. Compatible with all coolant types, including green, OAT, and HOAT antifreezes, it works in both gasoline and diesel engines. Purple Ice improves heat transfer, lubricates water pump seals, and fights corrosion, electrolysis, and erosion. Just add 1 oz per quart of coolant, and enjoy better cooling, increased horsepower, and longer system longevity with regular use.
Best For: vehicle owners seeking to enhance engine cooling, protect against corrosion, and extend the lifespan of their radiator system across all coolant types and engine types.
Pros:
- Significantly reduces coolant temperatures by up to 22°F for improved engine performance
- Compatible with all coolant types and suitable for both gasoline and diesel engines
- Contains lubricants and corrosion inhibitors that protect water pump seals and prevent system erosion
Cons:
- Does not provide freeze protection; additional antifreeze may be necessary in cold climates
- Higher concentrations beyond recommended dosage do not offer extra benefits and may be unnecessary
- Requires proper system flushing and compatibility checks when switching from other additives
CRC 06026 Heavy Duty Corrosion Inhibitor, 10 Wt Oz
The CRC 06026 Heavy Duty Corrosion Inhibitor is an excellent choice for those seeking long-lasting protection for metal surfaces exposed to harsh conditions. This aerosol spray offers a durable, amber coating that resists rust, dirt, and salt spray, making it ideal for outdoor and industrial use. It’s particularly effective on electrical connections, engine parts, fasteners, and undercarriages, especially in salt-laden environments. Easy to apply, it dries to a matte finish that stays put, providing extended corrosion resistance. While it’s sticky and requires careful handling, its proven durability and ability to protect metal over many months make it a top contender for rust prevention.
Best For: automotive, marine, and industrial users seeking long-lasting rust protection for metal surfaces exposed to salt, moisture, and harsh outdoor conditions.
Pros:
- Provides durable, long-lasting corrosion protection with a resilient amber coating.
- Effective on various metal surfaces including electrical connections, engine parts, and undercarriages.
- Easy to apply with a spray that dries to a matte finish, resisting dirt and salt spray.
Cons:
- Sticky application process requiring protective gear and careful handling.
- Can clog spray nozzles after multiple uses, potentially reducing spray efficiency.
- Has a strong odor and yellowish color that may be undesirable for visible areas.
PEAK Final Charge PRO-Series 50/50 Antifreeze and Coolant for Heavy Duty Engines
If you’re looking to protect heavy-duty engines from corrosion and scale buildup, PEAK Final Charge PRO-Series 50/50 Antifreeze and Coolant is an excellent choice. It’s designed for all heavy-duty cooling systems and compatible with various metals, including aluminum. Its proprietary scale inhibitors defend against corrosion, deposits, and heat transfer issues, while the bittering agent enhances safety. Using phosphate-enhanced organic acid technology, it guards against liner pitting, cavitation, and metal corrosion. Prediluted for easy use, it offers long-lasting protection—over 1.5 million miles or 10 years—without needing supplemental additives. Its high customer rating and proven performance make it a reliable option for demanding engines.
Best For: Heavy-duty engine operators and fleet managers seeking long-lasting, corrosion-protected coolant for demanding industrial and transportation applications.
Pros:
- Provides superior protection against corrosion, scale, and deposits, ensuring engine longevity.
- Compatible with all cooling system metals, including aluminum, and requires no supplemental additives.
- Offers long-term protection exceeding 1.5 million miles or 10 years, reducing maintenance frequency.
Cons:
- Mixing with other coolants is not recommended, which may limit flexibility in some systems.
- Available in only one primary package size (128 oz), possibly requiring multiple purchases for large fleets.
- Price and availability may vary across stores, potentially affecting overall cost-effectiveness.
Lubrikool Engine Coolant Additive Red
Lubrikool Engine Coolant Additive Red is an ideal choice for vehicle owners seeking long-lasting protection against rust and corrosion in their cooling systems. It’s formulated with an Extended Life HOAT additive package that safeguards all cooling system metals for up to 5 years or 150,000 miles. I recommend using it instead of water when topping off or mixing with existing coolant, as it prevents impurities from entering the system. It’s suitable for passenger cars, trucks, and heavy-duty equipment, and works well even in tropical or hot climates. Remember, it isn’t an antifreeze, so follow proper procedures when adding or replacing coolant to guarantee *best* system performance.
Best For: vehicle owners seeking long-lasting, reliable protection against rust and corrosion in their cooling systems across passenger cars, trucks, and heavy-duty equipment.
Pros:
- Provides up to 5 years or 150,000 miles of corrosion and rust protection.
- Suitable for use in both tropical and hot climates.
- Does not contain Ethylene Glycol, making it safer for certain applications.
Cons:
- Not an antifreeze; it should be used with proper coolant procedures.
- May require additional coolant additives if the system needs more than just top-off.
- Compatibility with all cooling system types should be confirmed before use.
Factors to Consider When Choosing an Engine Coolant Additive Corrosion Inhibitor
When selecting a coolant additive, I consider compatibility with my vehicle’s existing coolant and its temperature resistance range to guarantee ideal performance. I also look at the level of corrosion protection provided, ease of application, and safety during handling. Finally, I weigh the long-term benefits for my cooling system to choose an additive that offers lasting protection and efficiency.
Compatibility With Coolants
Choosing the right engine coolant additive requires guaranteeing it’s compatible with your vehicle’s specific coolant and radiator materials. I recommend checking that the additive works with your antifreeze type, whether it’s ethylene glycol-based or organic acid technology (OAT). Make sure it’s compatible with all radiator materials in your system, such as aluminum, copper, brass, and cast iron, to prevent unwanted reactions or corrosion. If your system uses straight water or high-performance coolants, verify that the additive suits these conditions as well. It’s vital to confirm that the additive won’t cause incompatibility issues like precipitating or separating when mixed with existing coolants. Always review manufacturer guidelines to guarantee the additive aligns with your cooling system components for effective and safe corrosion protection.
Temperature Resistance Range
Selecting an engine coolant additive that can handle the temperature extremes your vehicle encounters is essential for reliable protection. Coolant additives must withstand a temperature range from about -34°F to over 265°F to prevent freezing in cold climates and boiling in hot conditions. This range indicates the additive’s ability to keep the engine operating within safe thermal limits, avoiding damage caused by freezing or overheating. For vehicles used in extreme environments, choosing additives designed for high temperatures ensures stability and effective corrosion protection at elevated engine temperatures. Conversely, cold-resistant formulas prevent coolant from freezing in winter. The ideal temperature resistance range depends on your vehicle’s use, climate, and specific coolant formulation. Matching these factors ensures your engine stays protected year-round.
Corrosion Protection Level
The level of corrosion protection provided by an engine coolant additive determines how effectively it prevents rust, scale, and metal degradation inside your cooling system. A higher protection level means better inhibition of corrosion for metals like aluminum, cast iron, and copper. Some additives offer long-term protection that lasts for years or miles, which is essential for maintaining engine health over time. Advanced inhibitors such as hybrid organic acids or HOAT formulations enhance the coolant’s ability to prevent electrolysis and scale buildup. Compatibility with different metals and coolant types is also important, ensuring the additive shields your engine without causing damage. Selecting a coolant with a high corrosion protection level helps preserve your engine’s integrity, extending its lifespan and maintaining peak performance.
Application Ease and Safety
When picking an engine coolant additive, ease of application and safety should be top priorities. Look for products that are simple to pour and mix, which minimizes spills and guarantees even distribution throughout the cooling system. Choose formulations with clear instructions and minimal steps, making DIY maintenance straightforward. Safety is essential, so opt for non-toxic, non-corrosive ingredients to protect yourself during handling and prevent potential engine damage. Compatibility is also key; ensure the additive works with your vehicle’s existing coolant type and radiator materials to avoid unwanted chemical reactions. Additionally, consider additives with anti-foaming agents, which help maintain ideal heat transfer by preventing air bubbles that could impair cooling efficiency. Prioritizing these factors guarantees a safer, more effective application process.
Long-Term System Benefits
Choosing a high-quality engine coolant additive with long-term benefits can considerably extend your vehicle’s lifespan and reliability. These additives protect your engine for up to 5 years or 150,000 miles, reducing the frequency of coolant changes and ongoing maintenance. Proper corrosion inhibitors prevent metal deterioration, helping parts like radiators, water pumps, and cylinder liners last longer. They also maintain stable pH levels, preventing scale buildup and mineral deposits that impair heat transfer. A top-tier additive safeguards various metals, including aluminum, copper, brass, and cast iron, offering all-encompassing corrosion resistance. By choosing long-lasting inhibitors, you lower the risk of costly repairs caused by corrosion damage, ensuring your engine remains reliable and performing at its best over time. This long-term protection saves money and promotes peace of mind.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Often Should Coolant Additives Be Replaced?
I recommend replacing coolant additives every 30,000 to 50,000 miles or during your regular cooling system flush, whichever comes first. Over time, additives break down and lose effectiveness, so maintaining fresh inhibitors helps prevent corrosion and overheating. I always check my vehicle’s manual for specific intervals, but staying proactive with replacements guarantees your engine stays protected and runs smoothly longer.
Are Coolant Additives Compatible With All Engine Types?
Coolant additives are like a universal key—they work with many engine types, but not all. I always check my vehicle’s manual or consult a professional before using them. Some engines, especially high-performance or vintage models, need specific formulas. So, while many additives are compatible, it’s best to verify compatibility to avoid any damage. Always prioritize your engine’s unique needs for superior protection.
Can Coolant Additives Improve Engine Performance?
Yes, coolant additives can improve engine performance by reducing corrosion, preventing overheating, and maintaining ideal temperature levels. I’ve seen firsthand how the right additive keeps the engine running smoothly, avoids buildup, and extends its lifespan. When I choose a quality coolant additive, I notice better fuel efficiency and fewer overheating issues. It’s a simple step that can make a significant difference in your engine’s overall health and performance.
Do Additives Affect Coolant Ph Levels?
Additives can affect coolant pH levels, but it depends on the type and formulation. Some additives are designed to stabilize pH, preventing it from becoming too acidic or alkaline, which helps protect your engine. Others might slightly shift pH during use. I recommend checking the product label and maintaining proper coolant levels and pH balance regularly to guarantee ideal engine protection.
Are There Environmental Concerns With Coolant Additive Disposal?
Did you know that improper disposal of coolant can contaminate up to 10 million gallons of water annually? I believe there are significant environmental concerns with coolant additive disposal since many contain harmful chemicals like ethylene glycol, which is toxic to wildlife and humans. It’s vital to dispose of used coolant properly at designated recycling centers to prevent environmental damage and health risks, ensuring we protect our planet and future generations.
Conclusion
Choosing the right coolant additive is like planting a sturdy tree in your engine’s garden—it shields, nourishes, and stands strong against the storms of rust and corrosion. Just as a tree needs care to thrive, your engine needs the right inhibitors to stay healthy and reliable over time. Invest in the right product, and you’ll enjoy a smoother ride and fewer worries, knowing your engine’s defenses are rooted in quality.
Alex is our go-to expert on performance tuning, with over a decade of experience in the automotive industry. His deep understanding of engine dynamics, exhaust systems, and performance software allows him to break down complex concepts into easy-to-follow guides. Whether you’re looking to boost horsepower or fine-tune your vehicle’s responsiveness, Alex’s insights will help you achieve peak performance.
